Antimicrobial activity and interactions of cationic peptides derived from Galleria mellonella cecropin D-like peptide with model membranes
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 21 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.134
Authors: José Oñate-Garzón, Marcela Manrique-Moreno, Steven Trier, Chad Leidy, Rodrigo Torres & Edwin Patiño
Identification of new geldanamycin derivatives from unexplored microbial culture extracts using a MS/MS library
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 21 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.143
Authors: Jae Kyoung Lee, Jae-Hyuk Jang, Dong-Jin Park, Chang-Jin Kim, Jong Seog Ahn, Bang Yeon Hwang & Young-Soo Hong
Studies at the ionizable position of cephalosporins and penicillins: hydroxamates as substitutes for the traditional carboxylate group
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 21 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.149
Authors: Mark W Majewski, Patricia A Miller & Marvin J Miller
In vitro and in vivo activities of the diazabicyclooctane OP0595 against AmpC-derepressed Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 21 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.150
Authors: Akihiro Morinaka, Yuko Tsutsumi, Keiko Yamada, Yoshihiro Takayama, Shiro Sakakibara, Toshihiko Takata, Takao Abe, Takeshi Furuuchi, Seiichi Inamura, Yoshiaki Sakamaki, Nakako Tsujii & Takashi Ida
Angucycline antibiotic waldiomycin recognizes common structural motif conserved in bacterial histidine kinases
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 21 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.151
Authors: Yoko Eguchi, Toshihide Okajima, Naoya Tochio, Yoichi Inukai, Riko Shimizu, Shuhei Ueda, Shoko Shinya, Takanori Kigawa, Tamo Fukamizo, Masayuki Igarashi & Ryutaro Utsumi
Isomethoxyneihumicin, a new cytotoxic agent produced by marine Nocardiopsis alba KM6-1
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 21 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.152
Authors: Takashi Fukuda, Misaki Takahashi, Kenichiro Nagai, Enjuro Harunari, Chiaki Imada & Hiroshi Tomoda
Precursor-directed in situ synthesis of Saccharothriolides G and H by the Actinomycete Saccharothrix sp. A1506
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 21 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.153
Authors: Shan Lu, Shinichi Nishimura, Masashi Ito, Taira Kato & Hideaki Kakeya
Antibacterial effect of antibiotic-loaded SBA-15 on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 21 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.154
Authors: Anna Aguilar-Colomer, Juan Carlos Doadrio, Concepción Pérez-Jorge, Miguel Manzano, Maria Vallet-Regí & Jaime Esteban
The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in Europe has increased markedly since 2000. Previous meta-analyses have suggested a strong association between cephalosporin use and CDI, and many national programmes on CDI control have focused on reducing cephalosporin usage. Despite reductions in cephalosporin use, however, rates of CDI have continued to rise. This review examines the potential association of CDI with cephalosporins, and considers other factors that influence CDI risk. EUCLID (the EUropean, multicentre, prospective biannual point prevalence study of CLostridium difficile Infection in hospitalized patients with Diarrhoea) reported an increase in the annual incidence of CDI from 6.6 to 7.3 cases per 10 000 patient bed-days from 2011–12 to 2012–13, respectively. While CDI incidence and cephalosporin usage varied widely across countries studied, there was no clear association between overall cephalosporin prescribing (or the use of any particular cephalosporin) and CDI incidence. Moreover, variations in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of cephalosporins of the same generation make categorization by generation insufficient for predicting impact on gut microbiota. A multitude of additional factors can affect the risk of CDI. Antibiotic choice is an important consideration; however, CDI risk is associated with a range of antibiotic classes. Prescription of multiple antibiotics and a long duration of treatment are key risk factors for CDI, and risk also differs across patient populations. We propose that all of these are factors that should be taken into account when selecting an antibiotic, rather than focusing on the exclusion of individual drug classes.
For many patients living with HIV-1, the efficacy of combined ART (cART) has made the infection turn to a chronic disease. Because cART is associated with a risk of long-term toxicity, switching patients with virological success to another therapy remains a major issue. Studies undertaken and published over recent years have shown that switching patients exhibiting virological suppression to less-drug regimens (LDR) is a possible option of maintenance strategy. The use of ritonavir-boosted PIs (PI/r) as the backbone of LDR-based maintenance therapy is consistent with their virological potency and a high genetic barrier of resistance. Atazanavir is the most documented PI/r regarding maintenance in dual therapy, with favourable results in terms of virological suppression, tolerance improvement and absence of emergence of mutations. Furthermore, atazanavir is the only commonly prescribed PI that can be used after withdrawal of ritonavir, with maintenance of virological suppression whatever the backbone of associated NRTIs. Based on clinical studies, and taking into account the characteristics of the patients included, one may consider that for any patient with a virological suppression on cART for at least 12 months, with the nadir CD4 >100 cells/mm3 and an absence of encephalitis, an LDR-based maintenance therapy including atazanavir can be considered. Cumulative genotypes must be available to make sure that the LDR will not jeopardize future therapeutic options. The final decision regarding the most appropriate LDR must be guided by the objectives shared by the physician and his/her patient.
New aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes APH(3′)-VIII and APH(3′)-IX in Acinetobacter rudis and Acinetobacter gerneri
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 14 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.144
Authors: Eun-Jeong Yoon, Catherine Grillot-Courvalin & Patrice Courvalin
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel lincomycin derivatives. II. Exploring (7S)-7-(5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl-thio)-7-deoxylincomycin derivatives
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 7 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.139
Authors: Ko Kumura, Yoshinari Wakiyama, Kazutaka Ueda, Eijiro Umemura, Takashi Watanabe, Megumi Kumura, Takuji Yoshida & Keiichi Ajito
Total synthesis of (±)-naphthacemycin A9, possessing both antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and circumventing effect of β-lactam resistance
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, December 7 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.141
Authors: Tomoyasu Hirose, Yasuhiro Kojima, Hidehito Matsui, Hideaki Hanaki, Masato Iwatsuki, Kazuro Shiomi, Satoshi Ōmura & Toshiaki Sunazuka
