Pyrrocidine A, a metabolite of endophytic fungi, has a potent apoptosis-inducing activity against HL60 cells through caspase activation via the Michael addition
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, October 28 2015. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.103
Authors: Shota Uesugi, Nozomi Fujisawa, Jun Yoshida, Mitsuru Watanabe, Shingo Dan, Takao Yamori, Yoshihito Shiono & Ken-ichi Kimura
Synthesis of Thienamycin methyl ester from 2-deoxy-d-ribose via Kinugasa reaction
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, October 28 2015. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.108
Authors: Magdalena Soluch, Barbara Grzeszczyk, Olga Staszewska-Krajewska, Marek Chmielewski & Bartłomiej Furman
Micromonospora lycii sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from wolfberry root (Lycium chinense Mill)
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, October 28 2015. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.109
Authors: Junwei Zhao, Lifeng Guo, Chongxi Liu, Yuejing Zhang, Xuejiao Guan, Jiansong Li, Shilin Xu, Wensheng Xiang & Xiangjing Wang
Prevalence of mutations conferring resistance among multi- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in China
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, October 21 2015. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.106
Authors: Yan Chen, Bing Zhao, Hai-can Liu, Qing Sun, Xiu-qin Zhao, Zhi-guang Liu, Kang-lin Wan & Li-li Zhao
Celebrating the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of Dr Satoshi Ōmura
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, October 21 2015. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.113
Author: Kuniaki Tatsuta
Antimycobacterial activity of five efflux pump inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, October 14 2015. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.101
Authors: Guilian Li, Jingrui Zhang, Chao Li, Qian Guo, Yi Jiang, Jianhao Wei, Yan Qiu, Xiuqin Zhao, Li-li Zhao, Jianxin Lu & Kanglin Wan
Coccoquinones A and B, new anthraquinone derivatives produced by Staphylotrichum coccosporum PF1460
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, October 14 2015. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.102
Authors: Daisuke Tatsuda, Masahide Amemiya, Ryuichi Sawa, Kengo Sumiyoshi, Takumi Watanabe, Isao Momose, Manabu Kawada, Akio Nomoto & Masakatsu Shibasaki
Increasing antibiotic production yields by favoring the biosynthesis of precursor metabolites glucose-1-phosphate and/or malonyl-CoA in Streptomyces producer strains
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, October 14 2015. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.104
Authors: Daniel Zabala, Alfredo F Braña, José A Salas & Carmen Méndez
Aspergillus mulundensis sp. nov., a new species for the fungus producing the antifungal echinocandin lipopeptides, mulundocandins
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, October 14 2015. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.105
Authors: Gerald F Bills, Qun Yue, Li Chen, Yan Li, Zhiqiang An & Jens C Frisvad
A systematic review and critical assessment of incentive strategies for discovery and development of novel antibiotics
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, October 14 2015. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.98
Authors: Matthew J Renwick, David M Brogan & Elias Mossialos
Antimicrobial-resistant infections claim ≥700 000 lives each year globally. It is therefore important that both healthcare professionals and the public know the threat antimicrobial resistance poses and the individual actions they can take to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic awareness campaigns in England using posters or leaflets have had little or no impact on knowledge, behaviour or prescription rates. Centrally coordinated, multimodal campaigns in two European countries (ongoing for several years and including print and mass media, web site and guidelines, as well as academic detailing and individual feedback to prescribers) have led to reductions in antibiotic use. To change behaviour and reduce antibiotic use in England, a coordinated and comprehensive interdisciplinary and multifaceted (multimodal) approach using behavioural science and targeted at specific groups (both professional and public) is required. Such campaigns should have an integrated evaluation plan using a combination of formative, process and summative measures from the outset to completion of a campaign.
The pressing need to measure and improve antibiotic use was recognized >40 years ago, so why have we failed to achieve sustained improvement at scale? In his 2014 Reith Lectures about the future of medicine, the US surgeon Atul Gawande said that failure in medicine is largely due to ineptitude (failure to use existing knowledge) rather than ignorance (lack of knowledge). Consequently, it is notable that most interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing are either designed to educate individual practitioners or patients about policies or to restrict prescribing to make practitioners follow policies. Interventions that enable practitioners to apply existing knowledge through decision support, feedback and action planning are relatively uncommon. There is an urgent need to improve the design and reporting of interventions to change behaviour. However, achieving sustained improvement at scale will also require a more profound understanding of the role of context. What makes contexts receptive to change and which elements of context, under what circumstances, are important for human performance? Answering these questions will require interdisciplinary work with social scientists to integrate complementary approaches from human factors and ergonomics, improvement science and educational research. We need to rethink professional education to embrace complexity and enable teams to learn in practice. Workplace-based learning of improvement science will enable students and early-career professionals to become change agents and transform training from a burden on clinical teams into a driver for improvement. This will make better use of existing resources, which is the key to sustainability at scale.
As the WHO stated, lower respiratory infections are the third leading cause of death. In addition, it is remarkable that antimicrobial resistance represents a huge threat. Thus, new therapeutic weapons are required. Among the possible alternatives, antibiotic encapsulation in nanoparticles has gained much attention in terms of improved tolerability, activity and ability to combat the resistance mechanisms of bacteria. In this regard, this review article focuses on the latest nanocarrier approaches for inhalatory therapy of antibiotics. First, the technology related to lung disposition will be reviewed. Then, nanocarrier systems will be introduced and the challenges required to perform adequate pulmonary deposition analysed. In the following part, drug delivery systems (DDSs) on the market or in clinical trials are described and, finally, new approaches of nanoparticles that have reached pre-clinical stage are enumerated. Altogether, this review aims at gathering together the novel nanosystems for anti-infectious therapy, underlining the potential of DDSs to improve and optimize currently available antibiotic therapies in the context of lung infections.
