Eighth Korea–Japan Chemical Biology symposium: chemical biology notes from a small island
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, June 1 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.58
Authors: Tilman Schneider-Poetsch, Shunji Takahashi, Jae-Hyuk Jang, Jong Seog Ahn & Hiroyuki Osada
Insights into polyketide biosynthesis gained from repurposing antibiotic-producing polyketide synthases to produce fuels and chemicals
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, June 1 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.64
Authors: Satoshi Yuzawa, Jay D Keasling & Leonard Katz
Isolation and structural determination of a new antibacterial compound demethyl-L-681,217 from Streptomyces cattleya
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 25 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.53
Authors: Shogo Sugai, Hisayuki Komaki, Hikaru Hemmi & Shinya Kodani
Actinoquinolines A and B, anti-inflammatory quinoline alkaloids from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp., strain CNP975
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 25 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.56
Authors: Hossam M Hassan, Chollaratt Boonlarppradab & William Fenical
Allocyclinones, hyperchlorinated angucyclinones from Actinoallomurus
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 25 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.62
Authors: Joao C S Cruz, Sonia I Maffioli, Alice Bernasconi, Cristina Brunati, Eleonora Gaspari, Margherita Sosio, Elizabeth Wellington & Stefano Donadio
Efficacy of ampicillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus restored through synergy with branched poly(ethylenimine)
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 18 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.44
Authors: Melissa A Foxley, Anthony W Friedline, Jessica M Jensen, Susan L Nimmo, Erin M Scull, Jarrod B King, Stoffel Strange, Min T Xiao, Benjamin E Smith, Kieth J Thomas III, Daniel T Glatzhofer, Robert H Cichewicz & Charles V Rice
Preclinical development of Ramizol, an antibiotic belonging to a new class, for the treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 18 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.45
Authors: Shasha Rao, Clive A Prestidge, Lynn Miesel, Deb Sweeney, Dean L Shinabarger & Ramiz A Boulos
Antibacterial activity of the novel semisynthetic lantibiotic NVB333 in vitro and in experimental infection models
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 18 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.47
Authors: Steven Boakes, William J Weiss, Mary Vinson, Sjoerd Wadman & Michael J Dawson
Quinovosamycins: new tunicamycin-type antibiotics in which the α, β-1″,11′-linked N-acetylglucosamine residue is replaced by N-acetylquinovosamine
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 18 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.49
Authors: Neil PJ Price, David P Labeda, Todd A Naumann, Karl E Vermillion, Michael J Bowman, Mark A Berhow, William W Metcalf & Kenneth M Bischoff
Using quantum chemical computations of NMR chemical shifts to assign relative configurations of terpenes from an engineered Streptomyces host
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 18 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.51
Authors: Q Nhu N Nguyen & Dean J Tantillo
Design, synthesis and microbiological evaluation of ampicillin–tetramic acid hybrid antibiotics
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 18 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.52
Authors: Philip T Cherian, Aditi Deshpande, Martin N Cheramie, David F Bruhn, Julian G Hurdle & Richard E Lee
New natural products isolated from Metarhizium robertsii ARSEF 23 by chemical screening and identification of the gene cluster through engineered biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans A1145
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 18 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.54
Authors: Hiroki Kato, Yuta Tsunematsu, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Takuya Namiki, Shinji Kishimoto, Hiroshi Noguchi & Kenji Watanabe
This brief article describes the relationship between the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) and JAC, and how JAC has directly and indirectly facilitated delivery of the BSAC's charitable objectives over the past 40 years.
Fungal pathogens use various mechanisms to survive exposure to drugs. Prolonged treatment very often leads to the stepwise acquisition of resistance. The limited number of antifungal therapeutics and their mostly fungistatic rather than fungicidal character facilitates selection of resistant strains. These are able to cope with cytotoxic molecules by acquisition of appropriate mutations, re-wiring gene expression and metabolic adjustments. Recent evidence points to the paramount importance of the permeability barrier and cell wall integrity in the process of adaptation to high drug concentrations. Molecular details of basal and acquired drug resistance are best characterized in the most frequent human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Effector genes directly related to the acquisition of elevated tolerance of this species to azole and echinocandin drugs are well described. The emergence of high-level drug resistance against intrinsically lower susceptibility to azoles in yeast species other than C. albicans is, however, of particular concern. This is due to their steadily increasing contribution to high mortality rates associated with disseminated infections. Recent findings concerning underlying mechanisms associated with elevated drug resistance suggest a link to cell wall and plasma membrane metabolism in non-albicans Candida species.
The introduction of potent combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has had a remarkable impact on the natural history of HIV infection, leading to a dramatic decline in the mortality rate and a considerable increase in the life expectancy of HIV-positive people. However, cART use is frequently associated with several metabolic complications, mostly represented by lipid metabolism alterations, which are reported very frequently among persons treated with antiretroviral agents. In particular, hyperlipidaemia occurs in up to 70%–80% of HIV-positive subjects receiving cART and is mainly associated with specific antiretroviral drugs belonging to three classes of antiretroviral agents: NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs. The potential long-term consequences of cART-associated dyslipidaemia are not completely understood, but an increased risk of premature coronary heart disease has been reported in HIV-infected patients on cART, so prompt correction of lipid metabolism abnormalities is mandatory in this population. Dietary changes, regular aerobic exercise and switching to a different antiretroviral regimen associated with a more favourable metabolic profile are the first steps in clinical management, but lipid-lowering therapy with fibrates or statins is often required. In this case, the choice of hypolipidaemic drugs should take into account the potential pharmacokinetic interactions with many antiretroviral agents.
DNA sequence-selective C8-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine–heterocyclic polyamide conjugates show anti-tubercular-specific activities
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 11 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.43
Authors: Federico Brucoli, Juan D Guzman, Mohammad A Basher, Dimitrios Evangelopoulos, Eleanor McMahon, Tulika Munshi, Timothy D McHugh, Keith R Fox & Sanjib Bhakta
Pseudopyronine B, an inhibitor of sterol O-acyltransferase, produced by Pseudomonas sp. BYK11209
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 11 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.46
Authors: Aika Suzuki, Takashi Fukuda, Keisuke Kobayashi, Taichi Ohshiro & Hiroshi Tomoda
Kinetic characterization of GES-22 β-lactamase harboring the M169L clinical mutation
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 11 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.48
Authors: Aysegul Saral, David A Leonard, Azer Ozad Duzgun, Aysegul Copur Cicek, Cynthia M June & Cemal Sandalli
Quantitative measurement of the outer membrane permeability in Escherichia coli lpp and tol–pal mutants defines the significance of Tol–Pal function for maintaining drug resistance
The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, May 11 2016. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.50
Authors: Hikaru Kowata, Saeko Tochigi, Tomonobu Kusano & Seiji Kojima
